Their hypercapnic ventilatory response slopes were not different. ResultsĪs compared to TD, children with DS depicted reduced oropharyngeal dimensions, significantly lower CG and LG and no different PG. They had undergone acoustic rhinometry and pharyngometry, chemical LG obtained during awake tidal breathing measurement and hypercapnic–hyperoxic ventilatory response testing. Thirteen children with DS were matched for age, sex, OSAS severity and ethnicity with 26 TD children. The objectives of our case–control study were to evaluate the upper airway reduction in children with DS and moderate to severe OSAS as compared to typically developing (TD) children with similar OSAS severity and to evaluate the degree of chemical loop gain modifications including its components: controller and plant gains (CG, PG). The high prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in children with Down syndrome (DS) has been attributed to a reduced upper airway size, while the role of ventilatory control is unclear.
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